Ancient Wisdom:
Cicero Shatters Old Age Stereotypes

People have been reflecting on aging for thousands of years. But are these thoughts still relevant today? A text by Cicero from 44 BC with reflections on old age actually fits in quite well with today’s mindset.

By Robert Eysoldt, April 2024

During my research on aging, I stumbled across a work by Cicero. Marcus Tullius Cicero, statesman, orator, and philosopher in ancient Rome. In 44 BC, he wrote a very interesting philosophical treatise on old age.

In his treatise “Cato Maior de Senectute”, he writes — at the age of 62 at the time — about the advantages and challenges of old age. Cicero introduces Cato the Elder as the main character, who discusses old age with two friends in a fictitious, lively dialog.

Through Cato’s mouth, Cicero presents his thoughts and creates a positive image of old age, which stands in stark contrast to the prevailing opinions of the time.

Identifying stereotypes

Cicero identifies four main accusations that people usually make against old age, and refutes each of these stereotypes with a mixture of philosophical insight and practical examples.

1. Withdrawal from activities

Cicero acknowledges that old age can withdraw one from certain active roles in society, but argues that it gives people the opportunity to focus more on intellectual and deliberative activities. He emphasizes that the wisdom and experience that comes with age is invaluable to society.

2. Physical weakening

Although the body weakens with age, Cicero claims that the mind can retain its strength and sharpness. He emphasizes the importance of mental activity and lifelong learning as a means of keeping the mind alive and engaged.

3. Loss of pleasures

Cicero opposes the idea that old age robs us of almost all pleasures, arguing that it postpones, not eliminates, pleasures. For him, the pleasures of old age are more subtle and deeper — the pleasure of conversation, of contemplating the world and of friendship.

4. Closeness to death

For Cicero, death is not an age-specific issue, but a lifelong one. He argues that a life well lived is a preparation for death and that death is not to be feared by the wise, but can be seen as the natural conclusion of a fulfilled life.

Refreshing and profound guidance

Cicero’s writing is thus a refreshing and profound reminder that each age has its own unique benefits and can still provide guidance today in the search for a meaningful life.

If you are interested in Cicero’s book, please take a look here.